The Missionary
MANUAL AND DIRECTORY
OF THE
Moravian Church.
The Missionary
•M
MANUAL AND DIRECTORY
OF THE
un it as fratrum
OR THE
Moravian Church.
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED BRETHREN FOR
PROPAGATING THE GOSPEL AMONG THE HEATHEN.
BETHLEHEM:
MORAVIAN PUBLICATION OFFICE.
1875-
PREFATORY NOTE.
The Missionary Manual and Directory of the Unitas Fratrum, pub¬
lished in accordance with a resolution adopted by the Society for
Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen at its last annual meeting,
designs to give a brief but complete account of the Moravian Foreign
Missions in each department of their work. The writer is under
special obligations to the Rt. Rev. Levin T. Reichel, of the Mission
Board, at Berthelsdorf, in Saxony, and to the Rev. Allan Hamilton,
who spent many years in the service of the West Indian Mission, now
of Lititz, Pa., for valuable information and important documents.
Bethlehem, Pa., April 21, 1875.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Section I.—The Church and the Origin of its Missions 5
Section II.—Unsuccessful Missions 6
Section III.—Existing Missions 8
Section IV.—The Stations and Their Missionaries 13
Section V.—The Converts and Their Classes 19
Section VI.—Educational Enterprises 21
Section VII.—Government and Financial Management 24
Section VIII.—The Finances 25
Section IX.—Missionary Literature 30
Section X.—Missionary Institutions 33
Section XI.—Alphabetical List and P. O. Addresses 34
SECTION I.
THE CHURCH AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS FOREIGN MISSIONS.
The Unitas Fratrum, or the Moravian Church, as it is com¬
monly called, was founded in Bohemia, in the year 1457, by fol¬
lowers of John Huss, the Bohemian Reformer and Martyr. It
soon spread to Moravia, and subsequently to Poland. In spite of
frequent and severe persecutions, it flourished in Bohemia and
Moravia for a century and three quarters, and was then forcibly
overthrown by Ferdinand II, a bigoted Romanist, in the so-called
Bohemian Anti-reformation, at the beginning of the Thirty Years'
War. About the same time, the Polish branch amalgamated with
the Reformed Church of that country. A large part of the Bohe¬
mian and Moravian membership, however, found refuge in Poland,
Hungary, and some other lands, and kept up their Church until
1656, when Lissa, in Poland, the seat of their ecclesiastical govern¬
ment, was destroyed in a war with Sweden. After this, the colony
of Brethren which had been living there scattered, and their other
parishes were gradually lost among the Lutherans and the Re¬
formed. Their episcopate, however, was carefully preserved, in
the event of a resuscitation of their Church, and a " hidden seed"
remained in Bohemia and Moravia.
In 1722, some descendants of the Brethren belonging to this
"hidden seed" emigrated to an estate of Count Zinzendorf in
Saxony, and founded Herrnhut, which grew to be a flourishing
settlement, and where the Church was subsequently renewed, by
the introduction of the ancient discipline and episcopate (1735).
Prior to this event, in 1732, when the colony at Herrnhut num¬
bered but six hundred souls, the first two Missionaries to foreign
lands were sent forth. On the twenty-first of August, of that year,
David Nitschmann, afterward the first Bishop of the Renewed
Church, and Leonhard Dober, set out for the Island of St. Thomas,
each with six dollars in his pocket, determined to sell themselves
as slaves if there were no other way of preaching the Gospel to the
negroes. God laid His blessing upon the missionary work which
grew out of this humble beginning. It increased very rapidly,
2
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missionary manual and directory
and has always remained the chief undertaking of the Moravian
Church. At the time when it was inaugurated there were but
three other missionary enterprises carried on by the Protestant
Church among the heathen, namely, the Lutheran Mission in
Greenland, the Lutheran Mission in the East Indies, and the
Missions of the Anglican " Society for propagating the Gospel in
foreign parts" among the North American Indians and elsewhere.
SECTION II.
UNSUCCESSFUL MISSIONS.
Some of the Moravian Missions proved unsuccessful and were
abandoned from time to time.
Lapland.—In 1734 and 1735, an attempt was made by Andrew
Grassman, Daniel Schneider, and John Nitschniann, to establish a
Mission among the Swedish Laplanders, but relinquished again,
because they were found to be under the supervision of the Lutheran
State Church.
Shores of the Arctic Ocean.—In 1737 and 1738, Andrew
Grassman, Daniel Schneider, and Micksh proceeded to Archangel,
in order to begin a Mission among the Samoyedes on the shores
of the Arctic Ocean. But the Missionaries were arrested and
thrown into prison, falsely charged with being Swedish spies,, and
after an imprisonment of five weeks conveyed to St. Petersburg,
where they were examined, and, their innocence having been estab¬
lished, sent back to Germany.
Algiers.—In 1740, Ehrenfried Richter, at one time a wealthy
merchant of Stralsund, but subsequently a resident of Herrnhut,
felt constrained, although far advanced in years, to undertake a
Mission among the Christian slaves of Algiers, where he labored
with great zeal and some success until he was carried olf by the
plague, five months after his arrival.
Ceylon.—In 1740, David Nitschmann, known as the Syndic,
and subsequently a Bishop of the Church, accompanied by Dr.
Eller, of Berlin, inaugurated a Mission among the natives of Cey¬
lon, which work, however, just when it began to prosper, was
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relinquished on account of the persistent opposition of the colonial
authorities and the Dutch clergy.
Guinea.—In 1737, Christian Protten, a converted mulatto and
native of Guinea, together with Henry Hukuff, undertook a Mis¬
sion on that coast. Hukuff died and Protten met with no success.
Hence the work was abandoned in 1741. In 1767, however, it
was renewed and continued until 1770, in which period nine Mis¬
sionaries were sent out, who all died, so that the enterprise was
finally given up.
Persia.—In 1747, Dr. Frederick William Hocker and Dr. J.
Rueffer attempted a Mission among the Guebres, or the so-called
fire-worshippers, of Persia, which country they penetrated as far
as Ispahan. They could, however, effect nothing, and abandoned
the field in 1748. On their way home, Rueffer died at Damietta,
in Egypt.
Egypt.—From 1752 to 1783, three attempts were made by
Hocker, George Pilder, John Danke, and John Antes, to begin a
Mission in Abyssinia; but, in each case, they could penetrate no
farther than Egypt, where some of them labored among the Copts,
especially at Benesse, on the Nile. Owing to a want of success in
this work and political disturbances, the field was abandoned in
1783.
East Indies.—In this country a Mission was carried on for
thirty-seven years, from 1759 to 1796, and stations were estab¬
lished at the so-called " Brethren's Garden" near Tranquebar, at
Serampore, at Patna, and on the Nicobar Islands. But the work
did not prosper, the cost of it was enormous, and the mortality
among the Missionaries and Moravian settlers very great, nearly
forty of them being carried off by disease. Hence this enterprise
was finally given up in 1796i
The Countries of the Calmucks.—For more than half a
century, from 1768 to 1823, repeated attempts were made to begin
Missions among the Calmucks, but they all proved unsuccessful.
Demerara.—In 1835, a Mission was established among the
aborigines and negroes of Demerara, British Guiana, South America,
but abandoned in 1840.
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missionary manual and directory
SECTION III.
EXISTING MISSIONS.
The Foreign Missions, as they exist at the present time, are
divided into the following sixteen "Missionary Provinces:"
1. Greenland.—The Mission in Greenland was begun in
1733, by Matthew Stach, Christian Stach, and Christian David.
Kajarnak, the first convert, was baptized March 30, 1739.
Statistics.—Stations, 4; Missionaries, 25; Native Lay Readers, 11;
National Assistants, 35; National Female Assistants, 13; Normal Male
Classes, 4; Pupils, 24; Station Schools, 9; Schools not at Stations, 24;
Pupils, 380; Sunday-schools, 2; Converts, 1394.
2. Labrador.—Three exploratory visits were paid to Labrador,
in 1752, 1764, and 1765. The Mission proper was begun in 1770,
by Jens Haven, Drachart, Jensen, and seven others. In 1771,
Nain, the first station, was founded, and in 1776, February 19'th,
Kingminguse, the first convert, baptized.
Statistics.—Stations, 6; Missionaries, 33; Missionary Traders, 12;
Native Lay Readers, 12; National Assistants, 19; National Female
Assistants, ip ; Male Normal Classes, 3 ; Pupils, 12 ; Station Schools,
6; Pupils, 261; Converts, 1131.
3. North America.—A Mission among the Indians, begun,
after some unsuccessful preliminary attempts in Georgia, in 1740,
by Christian Henry Rauch, among the Mohicans and Wam-
panoags of New York. The first three converts, Shabash, Seim,
and Kiop, were baptized February 11, 1742, in the presence of
Count Zinzendorf, 011 the occasion of a Union Synod held atOley,
Pennsylvania. Missions were subsequently established in Connec¬
ticut, East and West Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Canada.
The work flourished until 1782, when nearly one hundred Moravian
Indians were massacred, in cold blood, by a company of American
rangers, at Gnadenhuetten, in Ohio. This was a death blow to the
Mission, which has languished ever since. It embraces stations in
Canada, Kansas, and the Cherokee Country.
Statistics.—Stations, 4; Missionaries, 8; Native Lay Readers, 1;
National Assistants, 6; National Female Assistants, p; Station Schools,
2; Pupils, 33; Converts, 420.
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9
4. St. Thomas and St. John.—The Mission in St. Thomas
was the first one established by the Church, David Nitschmann
and Leonhard Dober being its founders, in 1732. On the 30th
of September, 1736, the first three converts were baptized. The
Mission in St. John was begun in 1741, and the first two converts
were baptized February 14, 1745.
Statistics.—Stations, 5; Missionaries, 113 Native Assistant Mission¬
ary, 13 Native Lay Readers, 13 National Assistants, 25 3 National
Female Assistants, 303 Station Schools, 53 Schools ?iot at Stations, 43
Pupils, 6093 Sunday Schools, 63 Pupils, 1C443 Converts, 2451.
5. St. Croix.—A number of Moravian emigrants from Herrn-
hut arrived on this Island in 1733, under the leadership of Tobias
Leupold. One half of them died a few months later. Additional
settlers came out in 1735, the most of whom died soon after, as did
also Leupold himself. Frederick Martin and George Weber began
the first regular Mission in 1740, which was, however, relinquished
in 1742. In the following year it was renewed, through the exer¬
tions of Frederick Martin. After that the work prospered. The
first four converts were baptized, on the plantation Princess, July
12th, 1744.
Statistics.—Stations, 33 Missionaries, 63 Native Assistant Mission¬
ary, 13 Native Lay Readers, 13 National Assistants, 393 National Fe¬
male Assistants, 293 Station Schools, 33 Pupils, 2623 Sunday Schools,
7"3 Pupils, 10243 Converts, 2347.
6. Jamaica.—The Mission in Jamaica was begun, in 1754, by
Zacharias George Caries, whose assistants were Habrecht and
Schalleross. The first two converts were baptized on the 27th of
April, 1755.
Statistics.—Stations, 143 Preaching Places, 13 Missionaries, 293
Native Missionaries, 6 3 Native Assistant Missionary, 13 Native Lay
Readers, 133 National Assistants, 1423 National Female Assistants, 8$;
Theological Seminary for Native Missionaries, 13 Normal Schools, 23
Pupils, 253 Station Schools, 213 Schools not at Stations, 333 Pupils ',
37803 Sunday Schools, 183 Pupils, 39573 Converts, 13,414.
7. Antigua.—The Mission in Antigua was begun by Samuel
Isles, in 1756, who baptized the first convert in the same year.
After his death, the work languished until the arrival of Peter
Brown, in 1769, who labored with great success for twenty-two
years.
Statistics.—Stations, 83 Preaching Places, 13 Missionaries, 143
Native Missionaries, 4 3 Native Assistant Missionaries, 13 Native
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missionary manual and directory
Lay Readers, 8; National Assistants, 74; National Female Assistants,
82; Normal School for Girls, 1; Pupils, 7; Station Schools, 14;
Schools not at Stations, 5; Pupils, i486; Sunday Schools, 15; Pupils,
1,688; Converts, 6163.
8. St. Kitts.—The Mission in St. Kitts was begun, in 1777, by
Gottwald and Birkby; and the first converts were baptized on the
14th of November, 1779.
Statistics.—Stations, 4; Missionaries, 8; Native Missionaries, 2;
Native Lay Readers, 7; National Assistants, 32; National Female
Assistants, 41; Station Schools, 5; Schools not at Stations, 3; Pupils,
691; Sunday Schools, 5; Pupils, 1802 ; Converts, 3155.
9. Barbados.—The Mission in Barbados was begun, in 1767?
by Brukshaw and Bennet, and the first converts were baptized in
the following year.
Statistics.—Stations, 4; Missionaries, 4; Native Missionaries, 2;
Native Lay Readers, 15; National Assistants, 28; National Female
Assistants, 28; Station Schools, 8; Schools not at Stations, 8; Pupils,
1732; Sunday Schools, 6; Pupils, 742/ Converts, 2505.
10. Tobago.—The first Mission in this Island was undertaken,
in 1787, by John Montgomery, the father of the poet, James
Montgomery, but relinquished in 1791. The work was renewed,
in 1799, by Schirmer and Church, but again abandoned in 1803.
A third attempt was made in 1827, by Peter Ricksecker, and
proved successful.
Statistics.—Stations, 2; Preaching Places, 2; Missionaries, 4;
Native Assistant Missionaries, 1 ; Native Lay Readers, 8; National
Assistants, 38; National Female Assistants, 26; Station Schools, 4;
Schools not at Stations, 3; Pupils, 734; Sunday Schools, 7/ Pupils,,
701; Converts, 2139.
11. Mosquitia.—In 1847, J. G. Pfeiffer and Amadeus A.
Reinke, from Jamaica, paid an exploratory visit to this coast; and
in 1849 the Mission was begun by the former. In the same year,
on the 28th of October, the first convert was baptized.
Statistics.—Stations, 6; Missionaries, 14; Native Missionaries, 2;
Native Assistant Missionaries, 1; Native Lay Readers, 3; National
Assistants, 4; National Female Assistants, 2; Station Schools, 6; Pupils,
244; Sunday Schools, 6; Pupils, 371; Converts, 924.
12. Surinam.—The first missionary undertaking in Surinam
was begun in 1735, and relinquished in 1745.
Meanwhile John Giittner and Lewis Christopher Dahne inaugu¬
rated a Mission among the Arrawak Indians of the Colony, which
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11
work was continued, with great success, by Solomon Schumann,
who bears the title of "Apostle of the Arrawak Indians." In
the course of time, however, it began to languish, and in 1808 it
was abandoned.
The Mission among the negroes, on the contrary, which was
renewed in the city of Paramaribo, where the first convert was
baptized in 1776, increased rapidly, and constitutes, at present, one
of the most flourishing of the Missionary Provinces.
The Mission among the Bush-negroes was begun in 1765, and
the first convert baptized in 1771. On account of the deadly
character of the climate, this enterprise frequently came to an
end. It was, however, always renewed, and is carried on, at the
present time, by visiting Missionaries from the Colony, who are
zealously supported by a converted native chief, named John King.
Statistics.—Stations, 13; Preaching Places, 2; Missionaries, 67;
Native Lay Readers, 33; National Assistants, 192; National Female
Assistants, 183; Normal School for Boys, 1; Pupils, 14; Station Schools,
15; Schools not at Stations, 5; Pupils, 2079; Sunday Schools, 2;
Pupils, 24; Converts, 23,576.
13. South African Western Province.—This Mission was
begun by George Schmidt, in 1736, who baptized the first Hottentot
convert in 1741, giving him the name of Joshua. In 1743, the Co¬
lonial Government forbid him to baptize any more natives, and
he was forced to return to Europe in the following year. After
the lapse of forty-eight years the Mission was renewed, in 1792,
by Hendrick Marsvelt, John Daniel Schwin, and John Christian
Kfihnel. The first seven converts of this renewed Mission welre
baptized in 1793.
Statistics.—Stations, 7; Preaching Places, 4; Missionaries, 37;
Native Missionaries, 2; Native Assistant Missionaries, 2; Native Lay
Readers, 11; National Assistants, 102; National Female Assistants,
65; Normal Schoolfor Boys, 1; Pupils, 11; Station Schools, Pupils, 15;
1910; Sunday Schools, 7; Pi Us, 217; Converts, 7796.
14. South African Eastern Province. — This Mission
among the Caffres was begun in 1818. The first Catfre convert
was baptized January 6, 1830.
Statistics.—Stations, 6; Preaching Places, 2; Missionaries, 20;
Native Assistant Missionaries, 2; Native Lay Readers. 8; National
Assistants, 24; National Female Assistants, 18; Station Schools, 6;
Schools not at Stations, 2; Pupils, 430; Sunday Schools, 7; Pupils, 328;
Convents, 1533.
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missionary manual and directory
15. Australia.—The Mission in Australia was begun in 1849,
by Andrew Frederick Christian Tager and Frederick William
Spieseke, but again abandoned in 1856. In 1858, it was renewed
by Spieseke and Hagenauer, and the first converts, Nathaniel
Pepper, was baptized on the 18th of January, 1860.
Statistics.—Stations, 2; Missionaries, 6; Native Lay Readers, 2;
National Female Assistants, 1; Station Schools, 3; Pupils, 49; Sunday
Schools, 3; Pupils, 88; Converts, 136.
16. West Himalaya, or Central Asiatic Province.—This
is a Mission among the mountains of Thibet begun, in 1853, by
John Edward Pagell and Augustus William Heyde, who were
joined by Henry Augustus Jaeschke in 1857. The first four con¬
verts were baptized in 1865.
Statistics.—Stations, 2; Missionaries, 6; Station Schools, 1; Schools
not at Stations, 6; Pupils, 186; Converts, 18.
Summary.—Missionary Provinces 16
Stations 92
Preaching Places 12
Missionaries from Europe and America :
Male 155
Female.. 150
305
Native Missionaries:
Male 9
Female 9
18
Native Assistant Missionaries to
Native Lay Readers 134
National Assistants:
Male 760
Female 629
1.389
Total of Missionaries and Assistant Missionaries 333
Total of Native Lay Assistants L523
Total of Laborers 1 1,856
Theological Seminaries 1
Normal Schools 7
Total of Pupils in Normal Schools 93
Total of Station and other Schools 215
Total of Pupils 14,886
Total of Sunday Schools 94
Total of Pupils 12,062
Total of Converts 69,322
of the moravian church.
SECTION IV.
THE STATIONS AND THEIR MISSIONARIES.
Stations.—The stations are complete missionary establishments,
comprising a church, or a chapel, dwellings for the Missionaries,
and, in most cases, school-houses. In some instances, as, for ex¬
ample, at Genadendal, in South Africa, they are surrounded by
villages of converts.
Missionaries.—The Missionaries, who come from the three
Provinces of the Unitas Fratrum, namely, the German, the British,
and the American, are appointed by the Mission Board, except
those laboring among the North American Indians, who receive
'Their appointment either from the Provincial Board at Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, or from that at Salem, North Carolina. The wives
of the Missionaries take part in the work, by visiting the families
of the converts, and, especially, by filling stated appointments at
the Mission Houses for religious conversation with the female por¬
tion of the membership. They are, consequently, reckoned among
the laborers, and receive a regular vocation from the Mission
Board. Such woman's work has been found to be an important
means of developing the spiritual life of the Mission Churches, and
has been crowned with great success.
Native Agency.—At the same time, efforts are made to train
a native agency. This is divided into the following classes : Mis¬
sionaries, Assistant Missionaries, Lay Readers, National Assistants
or "Helpers," as they are technically termed.
Native Missionaries.— Native Missionaries and Assistant
Missionaries are appointed by the Mission Board, and stand on the
same footing as Missionaries and Assistant Missionaries from
Europe and America. At the present time, there are nine Native
Missionaries, seven in the West Indies, one in Mosquitia, and one
in South Africa; and ten unordained Native Assistant Mission¬
aries, five in the West Indies, one in Mosquitia, and four in South
Africa. In the list of Stations and Missionaries which follows,
the names of the Native Missionaries and Assistant Missionaries,
as far as we have been able to ascertain them, are printed in italics,
3
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missionar y manual and directory
Lay Readers.—These are National Assistants (see below) of
superior qualifications licensed by a Mission Conference (see below)
as Bible readers and leaders of cottage meetings. At sucli meet¬
ings, which are held at the houses of the converts, the exercises
consist of singing, reading of the Scriptures, prayer, and short
addresses. The Lay Readers devote one or two days of each
week to this work, and receive a small compensation wherever
special funds are available.
National Assistants or Helpers.*—These constitute an im¬
portant body of native laborers. They are appointed by the Mis¬
sion Conference (see below), and receive no compensation. As
a general thing, each one has his own district. Their duties are
the following: to visit the converts from house to house and make
themselves acquainted with their spiritual progress; to call upon
the sick and report them to the Missionaries: to labor among such
heathens as they meet with and bring them to the notice of the Mis¬
sionaries ; to exhort those converts who neglect the means of grace
and report such cases to the Missionaries; to settle differences and
disagreements among their people, and, in case they do not succeed
in doing this, to call in the aid of the Missionaries; to urge on
the attention of parents the duty of sending their children to
school; and to go after those who are under church-discipline and
entreat them to forsake their sins and return to Jesus. At stated
times the Assistants meet with the Missionaries and bring in their
reports. In some Missions printed Instructions for their work are
distributed among them. The Female Assistants labor among
their own sex.
Mission Conferences.—Such Conferences have been estab¬
lished in a majority of the Missions, and consist of all the Mission¬
aries belonging to a Province, who meet in order to consider and
discuss the progress and necessities of the Mission, adopting such
resolutions as the case calls for, and in order to strengthen one
another in the Lord. The Conferences are subordinate to the
Mission Board, without whose consent no new measures of import¬
ance can be carried out.
Helpers' Conference.—In some of the larger Missionary
* "Great Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus. Salute Urbane our
helper in Christ."—Romans 16, 3 and 9.
of the moravian church.
15
Provinces, besides the Mission Conferences, and in place of
them, where the stations are so far apart as to render frequent
meetings of the Missionaries impossible, there exist so-called
"Helpers' Conferences," composed of the older and more experi¬
enced laborers and forming the Advisory Board of the Superin¬
tendent and Warden (see below). Such Conferences oversee the
work, audit the accounts, and assign to the Missionaries, sent out
by the Mission Board, their respective stations. Wherever Helpers'
Conferences do not exist, the Mission Conferences make such ap¬
pointments.
Wardens.—Many of the Missions have Treasurers of their
own, who bear the title of Warden, devoting themselves particu¬
larly to the financial interests of the work, but engaging also in
the ordinary missionary labors.
Superintendents.—At the head of each Missionary Province
stands a Superintendent. His duties are the following: to preside
at the Conferences; to conduct the official correspondence with the
Mission Board ; to keep himself acquainted with the circumstances
of each Missionary and station under his supervision; to see to it
that there be no departure from the principles according to which
the Mission is carried on; and to represent it over against the
local authorities.
Here follows a list of the Stations and their Missionaries:
Countries. Stations. When Founded. Missionaries.
Greenland Lichtenau 1774...Rev. Henry A. Koegel and wife, Supt.
" " ... " Matthew Warmow and wife.
" " ... " John H. Bindschedler and wife.
...New Herrnhut 1733... " Emmanuel G. Schneider and wife
... " " " ... " Charles J. Spindeler and wife.
...TJmanak 1861... " Ferdinand W.Schmiedecke and wife.
...Lichtenfels 1758... " John W. Uellner and wife.
" " ... " Martin Starik and wife.
" " ...Adolphus Riegel, Assistant.
,.Igdlorpait 1864...Rev. John C. A. Hilbig and wife.
..Friedrichsthal 1824... " Charles F. A. Gericke and wife.
" " ... " Charles L. C. Arnstadt and wife.
Labrador Nain 1771— " J- Henry Theodore Bourquin and
wife, Superintendent.
" ... " Peter P. Dam and wife.
" ... " John H. Meili and wife.
" ...Constantine Heller, Assistant.
" ...Charles Linder, Inspector of Trade.
" ... Haugk, Missionary Trader.
1782...Rev. Frederick T. Weiler and wife.
" ... " Frederick Rinderknecht and wife.
" " Charles F. Kahle and wife.
" ...Ernst H. Ritter, Assistant,
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MISSIONARY MANUAL AND DIRECTORY
Countries. Stations. When Founded.
Laisrador Hoffenthal... 1782... Bindschedler, Missionary Trader.
Zoar 1865...Rev. John G. Schneider and wife.
" " ... Zucher, Missionary Trader.
Okak 1776...Rev. Casper Schoett and wife.
" " ... " Charles A. Hirt and wife.
" " ...Rev. Gustavus B. Schulze and wife.
" " ... Kaestner, Missionary Trader.
" " ... Slatta, " "
Hebron 1830...Rev. Charles G. Kretschmer and wife.
" " ... " Frederick A. Wirth and wife.
" " ... " Augustus Guenther and wife.
" " ... Hlawatschek, Missionary Trader.
Ramah 1871 ...Rev. Samuel Weiz and wife.
Canada New Fairfield 1792... " j. Adolphus Hartman and wife.
Kansas New Westfield 1866... " Levi Ricksecker and wife.
Cherokee Country.New Spring Place 1801... " Edward J. Mack and wife.
" ..Wood Mount 1870... " Theodore M. Rights and wife.
St. Thomas New Herrnhut 1732... " Frederick Kleiner, Superintendent.
Nislcy 1753— " Francis Voelkel and wife.
" Town of St. Thomas 1843... " Samuel Warner and wife, Warden.
" " " " ... Alexander P. Fleury, Assistant.
St. John Bethany 1754...Rev. Peter Malone and wife.
" Emmaus 1782... " Alexander C. Morrish and wife.
St. Croix Fi-iedensthal i754--- " Benjamin Romig and wife, Super¬
intendent and Warden.
" " " ...James Summersill, Assistant.
" Friedensberg i77i...Rev. Julius Bartels and wife.
" Friedensfeld 1804... " David F. Daiber and wife.
Jamaica Fairfield 1823... " Edwin E. Reinke and wife, Supt.
" " " ...Prof. Walter L. Badham, Director of
Theological Seminary.
" " " ...Rev. Lewis B. Wurreschke and wife,
Director of the Normal School.
" New Eden 1812...Richard Campbell and wife, Assistants.
" Irwinhill 1815...Rev. John Thomas and wife.
" New Carmel 1827... " H. George Hanna and wife.
" New Bethlehem 1833... " F. J. Theodore Ilgner and wife.
" New FuVnecIc 1830... " Paul E. Franze and wife.
" New Nazareth 1838... " Theophilus Winkler and wife.
" Beaufort 1834... " Peter Larsen.
" New Hope or Salem 1838... " Alfred Lind and wife.
" Lititz 1839... " Henry W. Hauber and wife.
" Bethany 1835... " John P. Pulkrabek and wife.
" Mizpeh and Broadleaf. 1866... " Henry Walder and wife.
" " " " ...Richard Gale, Assistant.
" Bethabara and Patrick Town...1840...Rev. John J. Seiler and wife, Warden.
" " " " ... " ... " J. Theophilus Zorn and wife.
" Springfield 1848... " James Ward and wife.
" In Europe on leave of absence " John F. Moderau and wife.
" " " " 1848... " Charles Schick and wife.
Antigua St. Johns and Five Island 1756... " Jas. La Trobe Harvey and wife,
Superintendent.
" •' " " " ...William M. Thomas, Assistant.
" " " " " ...Miss Ellen Roberts, Directress of Female
Training School.
" Greenbay 1848...Rev. John Buckley and wife.
" Gracehill I774-- " Edwin Zippel and wife.
" Gracebay *797-"Peter Beyer and wife, Assistants.
" Cedarhall...: 1822...Rev. James Turner and wife.
" Newfield 1817... " Frederick T. Miebert and wife.
OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH.
17
Countries. Stations. When Founded. Missionaries.
Antigua Lebanon 1838...Rev. Henry M. Weiss.
" Gracefield 1840... " William Batt and wife, Warden.
" Rt. Rev. George W. Westerby, Bishop,
and Ex-Supt., living in retirement
at Lathefield.
St. Kitts Basseterre 1777...Rev. Abraham Lichtenthaler and wife,
Superintendent.
" " ... " Samuel L. Lichtenthaler and wife,
Warden.
Charles L. A. Klesel and wife.
William H. Fuerstenberger and wife.
James John and wife.
Barbados Sharon 1767... " James Y. Edghill and wife, Supt'
and Warden.
..Bethesda 1820...
Ustridge 1845...
..Bethel 1832...
Aharon 1767...
...Bridgetown I829...
...Mount Tabor 1825...
...Cliftonhill 1841...
Tobago
Mosquitia,
Montgomery 182 7 ..
...Moriah....
...Bluefields
Surinam....
.In Europe, on leave of absence
. Paramaribo ^Tib-
Henry Moore and wife.
Frederick Gerschwitz and wife.
John L. Hasting and wife, Supt.
...John J. MacDnwall, Assistant.
2...Rev. Robert Walsh and wife.
.8... " John E. Lundberg and wife, Supt.
" " ... " Frederick A. Herzog and wife.
Ramah 1858... " Jens P. Juergensen and wife.
Magdala 1855... " Edward Gruewald and wife.
" " ...John F. Pinnok, Assistant.
Bethany 1864...Rev. Christian A. Martin and wife.
and Karata i860... " William Sieboerger and wife.
" " " ...Frederick Smith, Assistant.
Kukulaya 1870...Rev. Peter Blair and wife.
Ferdinand E. Renkewitz and wife.
Eugene Langerfeld and wife, Supt.
... " Andrew C. Staude and wife, Assis¬
tant Supt.
... " Charles A. Hellstroem and wife,
Warden.
... " Henry B Heide and wife, Assistant
Warden.
... " Charles Haefner and wife.
... " Charles T. Dahl and wife.
... " Martin W. Hillberg and wife.
... " Herman Wied and wife.
... " Ernst A. Renkewitz and wife, Supt.
of City Schools-
... " Edward Wilhelm and wife.
... " John Haller and wife.
... " Frederick F. Heir and wife.
...Godfrey H. Jacobs and wife, Assistants.
...Julius Wenzel and wife, "
...Charles A. Weigel and wife, "
...Paul Haugk and wife, "
...Henry Peper and wife, "
...Mrs. S. Wunderlich, "
...Rev. Charles W. Illg and wife, at Combe.
Beekhuizen 1844...
Clevia 1859...
Rust en Werk 1845...
Leliendal 1849...
Herrendyk 1856...
Annaszorg 1849...
Charlottenburg 1835...
John G. Menze and wife.
Andrew E. Bau and wife
John Drexler and wife.
Matthew C. Bramberg and wife.
John G. Jansa and wife.
Charles W. Raatz and wife.
18
MISSIONARY MANUAL AND DIRECTORY
Countries. Stations. When Founded. Missionaries.
Surinam Charlottenburg 1835...Rev. William E. Schrader and wife.
" " ... " John H. Hasewinkel and wife.
Beersheba 1858... " Charles A. Braukmann and wife.
Catharine Sophia 1849... " Gottlieb Meissel and wife.
...Salem 1840... " George T. Gaissert and wife.
Waterloo 1859... " Frederick W. Adam and wife.
Berg en dal 1870... " Charles E. Lehman and wife.
In Europe, on leave of absence " Charles F. W. Gerhard and wife.
l< " " " Hans P. Jensen and wife.
On his way to this Mission " John Bartsch.
Joseph Wolter.
South Africa WKST..Berea 1865...
Genadendal and Twistwyle 1792... " William T. Bauer and wife, Supt.
and Warden of Gnadendal.
" " " ... " Frederick W. Stoltz and wife.
" " " ... " Rudolph J. Ballein and wife, Super¬
intendent of Normal School.
" " " " " ...Henry Zachert, Teacher.
" " ...Rev. Charles A. Wagner and wife, in the
Station School.
" " " ... " Charles F. Kiegel and wife, do.
" Mamre and Johannes Kirche....1808... " Charles A. Lemmerz and wife.
" " " .... " ... " Frederick W. Schoebel and wife.
" " " " .... " ... " Frederick W. Kunik and wife.
" " Wittewater and Goedverwacht...185&... " H. Benno Marx and wife.
" " " " ... " ...Nicholas Oppelt, Assistant.
" Elim 1824...Rev. Henry A. Kunick and wife.
" " " " ... " Philip E. Hickel and wife.
" " " " ... " Adolphus E. Schmidt and wife.
" " Enon 1818... " Henry G. Grasse and wile.
" " " " ... " Traugott Zimmermann and wife.
" " " " ...Charles Jonas, Assistant.
" " Clarkson 1839...Rev. Andrew G. Hettasch and wife.
" " " " ... " Ernst A. Fischer and wife.
" " " ...John Zwelibanzi, Assistant.
" " In Europe, on leave of absence Rev. Edward J. Richter and wife.
" " On his way to this Mission " Charles H. Tietze.
South Africa East.-SIiUo 1828... " Ernst T. Weiz and wife, Supt.
" " " ... " Herman O. Padel and wife.
" " " ... " Herman L. Hasting and wife.
" " " ... " Alwin Richter and wife.
" " " ...John Nakin, Assistant.
" Engotini 1859...Rev. H, Adolphus Brauer and wife.
" Goshen and Emntweni 1852... " John G. Stephan and wife.
" " " " ...Samuel Mazwi, Assistant.
" Baziya and Tabase 1863...Rev. Richard Baur and wile.
" Intwanazana " John H. Hartmann and wife.
" Emtumasi 1870... " Philip H. L. Meyer and wife.
Australia Ebtnezer 1859... " Frederick W. Spieseke and wife.
" Ramahyuk {Gippsland) 1862... " Frederick A. Hagenauer and wife.
'• " " " ... " Charles W. Kramer and wife.
" On his way to this Mission Augustus Hahn, Assistant.
Thibet & MoNGOLiA-Kyelang (Lahoul) 1856...Rev. Frederick A. Redslob and wife.
" " " " " ... " Augustus W. Heide and wife.
" " Poo (Kunawur) 1865... " J. L. Edward Pagell and wife.
of the moravian church.
table of the stations and the laborers:
19
Nos.
Missionary Provinces.
Greenland
Labrador
North America
St. Thomas
St. John
St. Croix
Jamaica
Antigua
St. Kitts
Barbados
Tobago
Mosquitia
Surinam
South Africa, Western Province-
South Africa, Eastern Province-
Australia
West Himalaya
©
c3
ce
V,
©
PreachiugPlac
Missionaries,
| Male.
Missionaries,
Female.
Native Missioi
ries, Male.
Native Missioi
ries, Female.
Native Assista
Missionaries.
I Lay Readers.
National Assi
ants.
National Femi
Assistants.
13
25
4
12
22
4
11
12
1
35
19
fi
15
17
7
4
2
1
1
14
11
19
2
2
11
3
3
1
1
39
142
99
1
15
14
3
3
1
13
85
1
7
7
2
2
1
8
74
82
4
4
1
1
7
32
41
2
2
1
1
15
28
28
9
2
2
1
3
38
26
7
7
1
1
1
3
4
2
9
33
18
34
33
11
192
183
4
19
1
1
2
102
65
2
10
10
2
8
24
18
3
3
9
1
3
3
12
155
150
9
9
10
134
760
629
SECTION V.
THE CONVERTS AND THEIR CLASSES.
Self-supporting Missions.—The ultimate aim, set up by the
General Synod for all the Missionary Provinces, is to develop
the existing Missions into self-supporting churches, with a native
ministry, so that the Church at home may begin new enterprises
in heathen lands. (Synodical Results, 1869, p. 85.) This aim the
Missions in the West Indies are slowly reaching. They can be
no longer called Missions among the heathen; and they would be
far nearer the goal, if the negroes had not, for years, been impov¬
erished on all the Islands where the Church has stations, except
Jamaica, in consequence of repeated droughts and a general pros¬
tration of those industries upon which they depend for a living.
Nevertheless, in the course of time, these Missions will undoubt-
20
missionary manual and directory
edly, by the blessing of God, form the fourth regular Province of
the Unitas Fratrum.
Fundamental Principle.—The fundamental principle accord¬
ing to which the Missionaries are to carry on their work is set
forth by the General Synod in the following words: " In our efforts
for the conversion of the heathen, we will manifest less solicitude
to bring large numbers of them to the profession of the Christian
faith, than 'to turn souls from darkness unto light, and from the
power of Satan unto God,' by preaching the Gospel with demon¬
stration of the Spirit and of power." Hence special attention is
paid to the training of individual souls.
Stated Religious Conversations.—To this end not only the
ordinary pastoral work is carried on, but also a regular system of
religious conversations with the converts at the Mission House.
As a general thing, such conversations take place six times a year
with each class (see below), so that every male member of a mission-
church is statedly brought face to face with the Missionary, and
every female member with the Missionary's wife. Special registers,
containing the names of all the members, are kept for these con¬
versations, and the presence or absence of each one is noted. Ab¬
sentees are looked after by the Missionaries and Assistants.
Church Discipline.—Church discipline, moreover, is faith¬
fully and conscientiously exercised. There are three grades of it:
namely, official reproof, suspension from the Lord's Supper, and
exclusion from the membership of the Church. Those converts
who are under discipline are not, on that account, cut off from the
Mission. On the contrary, they form a separate class, to the inte¬
rests of which the Missionaries and National Assistants particularly
devote themselves; and they are readmitted whenever they give
sufficient evidence of repentance and of their desire to lead con¬
sistent lives. If, however, they persistently continue in sin and
withdraw altogether from the Mission, their names are stricken
from the register.
Classes.—At each station the converts are divided into the fol¬
lowing six classes, each of which has stated religious services of its
own: 1. Baptized children—children of members of the church
under five years of age; 2. Members under discipline; 3. New
People—such as have applied to the Missionaries for instruction
of the moravian church.
21
and are taught the rudiments of the Christian religion; 4. Candi¬
dates for Baptism—such as receive instruction preparatory to their
baptism; Baptized Adults—such as have been baptized; 6. Com¬
municants—such as have been baptized, confirmed, and admitted
to the Lord's Supper.
Here follows a table of the membership divided according to
these classes:
Missionary Provinces.
Greenland
Labrador
North America ;
St. Thomas !
St. John..,
St. Croix
Jamaica
Antigua
St. Kitts
Barbados
Tobago ...
Mosquitia
Surinam
South Africa, Western Province
South Africa, Eastern Province.
Australia
West Himalaya
897
420
172
911
277
1326
4499
2825
1251
989
816
200
5590
1725
342
33
10
N 3
■S
137
161
74
276
94
272
2638
879
631
363
275
158
6340
1104
108
11
3
Totals 22,283 13,524 1915 3555 4009 24,036 69,322
co
V §
It
Icq
a
H
1372
405
102
12
1
33
124
1775
1066
469
44
1
131
108
6
76
36
42
280
82
29
146
20
2514
497
40
2
428
427
150
541
240
707
5963
2459
1191
1124
902
411
5985
2999
472
34
3
SECTION VI.
EDUCATIONAL ENTEEPEISES.
Introductory Remarks.—Jhe education of the young is one
of the most important'undertakings in connection with the Foreign
Missions of the Moravian Church. The late Bishop Wullschlaegel,
who spent many years in missionary service, says in his Missions-
werk der Evangelischen Brudergemeine: u Touching Christian
knowledge, experience shows that those members of our Mis¬
sion Churches who have been baptized in their youth and in-
4
22
missionary manual and directory
structed in our schools are far in advance of such as have joined
the Mission from the heathen and been baptized as adults. Hence,
in all our Missions where it is in any way possible, we forthwith
establish schools, in which not only the children of our baptized
converts, but also any other children that may be intrusted to us
by their parents, are educated and, especially, made acquainted
with their God and Saviour."
Station and other Schools.—At each station there is a
graded school, usually in buildings of its own, taught by native
teachers, or, in case such cannot be had, by the Missionaries them¬
selves. Instruction is given in reading, writing, arithmetic, sing¬
ing, geography, Bible history, and, in some instances, in grammar.
The girls' classes are taught sewing. Such schools generally have
a primary or infant department for children from three to six
years of age.
At preaching places and elsewhere there are other schools, con¬
ducted in the same way.
Some of the schools receive aid from Government, and are in¬
spected by the same.*
Normal Schools.—These schools train native teachers, and
give them as complete a course of instruction as possible. Those
in Jamaica, Antigua, Surinam, and South Africa are regularly
established as schools, having their own teachers and buildings;
those in Greenland and Labrador, on the contrary, consist merely
of evening classes held by the Missionaries and giving the pupils
a somewhat higher course than in the station schools.
Theological Seminary.—A Theological Seminary is to be
established in Jamaica, in the course of the present year. In this
institution a native ministry will be educated.
Sunday Schools.—Sunday Schools have been established in
nearly all the Missions, and are attended not only by children but
also by many adults.
* As an illustration of the wonderful success of the Moravian Mission Schools
we may add that, among twelve hundred colonial schools in Gippsland, Australia,
the school for natives at Ramahyuk, consisting of children of perhaps the lowest
and most degraded of all heathen tribes, gained, in 1873, the highest prize offered
by the Government. *
OP THE MORAVIAN CHURCH. 23
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AND NORMAL SCHOOLS.
Stations Where Located.
Schools.
Number of
Pupils.
Fairfield, Jamaica
a • u
Bethabara, "
St. Johns, Antigua
Paramaribo, Surinam
Genadendal, South Africa
At four Stations in Greenland.
At three Stations in Labrador.
Total
Theological Seminary
Male Normal School
Female Normal School
Female Normal School
Male Normal School
Male Normal School
Four Male Normal Classes
Three Male Normal Classes
3
18
7
7
14
11
24
12
OneTheo. Sem. and 7 Normal Sch'ls
96
TABLE OF WEEK DAY AND OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
Week Day Schools.
Sunday Sqhools.
o
c3
gq
cs
£
£
©
A
"o
d
©
U
s
73
Missionary Provinces.
A
o
.3
o3
©
JS
O
«J
m
0
" ro
C8
H
CO
02
m
of
m
0
.2
*0 0
o o
js
eh
©
©
O
CS
rs
•3
®
A
o
S5
cs
m
rfl V
o
gg
.a
a
02
cS
S3
©
PN
O
s
S3
02
r0
O
gg
©
GG
as
<u
trl
1
q
24
380
94
9,
1
9
2
2
fi
261
7
2
3
?
53
1
1
3
45
31
6
4
St. Thomas and St. John
5
4
609
7
3
46
6
500
544
82
5
St. Croix
4
262
2
3
22
7
562
462
53
6
Jamaica
21
33
3780
36
19
320
18
2275
1682
306
7
Antigua
14
5
1486
9
14
100
15
1178
510
167
8
St. Kitts
5
3
691
4
6
50
5
746
1056
122
9
Barbados
8
8
1732
13
8
92
6
423
319
51
10
Tobago
4
3
734
6
5
60
7
401
300
55
11
Mosquitia
6
244
4
1
1
6
288
83
20
12
Surinam
15
5
2079
32
6
2
1
23
2
13
South Africa, Western Province.
15
1940
18
15
59
7
217
19
14
South Africa, Eastern Province-
6
2
430
7
3
7
60
268
15
15
Australia
2
49
1
2
3
49
39
4
16
1
6
186
8
2
Total
122
93
14,886
179
87
756
94
6528
5534
740
24
missionary manual and directory
SECTION VII.
THE GOVERNMENT AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE
FOREIGN MISSIONS.
The General Synod.—The Foreign Missions are carried on
by the Moravian Church as such, and constitute a cause in which
all its three Provinces are conjointly engaged. Hence the Mis¬
sions stand directly under the control of the General Synod, which
meets every ten or twelve years, and consists of delegates from
Germany, Great Britain, America, and the Foreign Missions.
The Unity's Elders' Conference.—The General Synod
elects an Executive Council or Board of Bishops and other min¬
isters, styled " The Unity's Elders' Conference," to superintend the
general affairs of the Unitas Fratrum in the interval between two
Synods. To this body is committed the entire control of the Foreign
Missions, including the appointment of the Superintendents and
other Missionaries, who are all responsible to it, and the general
management of the finances. It has its seat at Berthelsdorf, near
Herrnhut, in Saxony, and is divided into three Boards or Depart¬
ments, as they are technically called, namely the Department of
Education, the Department of Finance, and the Department of
Missionsk
The Mission Board Proper.—The Department of Missions
in the Mission Board proper, directing the details of the work and
its finances. Matters of importance, however, such as the appoint¬
ment of Missionaries and the organization of stations, are brought
before the whole body*
Agents and other Officers.—The Unity's Elders' Con¬
ference appoints a Treasurer of Missions, a Secretary of Missions
in England, and Agents of Missions in Germany, England, and
America. These officers are empowered to receive contributions, to
draw on the Mission treasury, and to represent the cause in other
ways.
of the moravian church.
25
members of the unity's elders' conference.
Rt. Rev. Gustavus T. Tietzen, President.
Rt. Rev. Ernst F. Reichel, Vice-President.
Rt. Rev. Ernst W. CrSger.
Rt. Rev. Levin T. Reichel.
Rev. Theophilus C. Reichel.
Rev. John W. Verbeek.
Rev. John F. Kiihn.
Rev. Ferdinand Bechler.
Rev. Gustavus T. Reichel.
Rev. Henry T. Reichel.
Rev. Gottlob F. Martin.
Rev. Eugene T. Groche.
Rev. Frederick T. Riess, Rev. Francis E. Werthemann, and Rev.
Henry A. Deutschberg, Recording Secretaries.*
members of the mission board.
Rt. Rev. Ernst F. Reichel, Chairman.
Rt. Rev. Levin T. Reichel.
Rev. John F. Kiihn.
Rev. Ferdinand Bechler.
agents and other officers.
Herman Merian, Treasurer, Herrnhut, Saxony.
Rev. Henry E. Shawe, Secretary of Missions for England, London.
Rev. Thomas L. Badham, Agent of Missions for England, Ock-
brook, England.
Rev. C. H. Kriiger, Agent of Missions, Altona, Germany.
Rev. Robert de Schweinitz, Agent of Missions for America, Beth¬
lehem, Pa.
Rt. Rev. Emil A. de Schweinitz, Agent of Missions for America,
Salem, N. C.
SECTION VIII.
THE FINANCES OF THE FOREIGN MISSION.
Introductory Remarks.—The Moravian Foreign Missions
are preeminently a work of faith, and, at the same time, a won¬
derful illustration of the truth that the Lord provides the means
whenever a cause is undertaken in His name. In no other
* The Recording Secretaries are not members of the body.
26
missionary manual and directory
way can the fact be explained that a Church which numbers
scarcely 27,000 souls at home maintains 333 Missionaries, 92 Mis¬
sionary Stations, and 222 Missionary Schools, in foreign lands.
Heavy deficiencies have frequently occurred; but, in every instance,
they have been made up, by the blessing of God, and the work has
continued unhindered. A notable example of such experiences is
the deficiency of last year, amounting to nearly $25,000, which, at
the time of writing this, has been covered mainly through extra¬
ordinary gifts in England, on the part of friends not connected
with the Moravian Church.
Sources of Revenue.—The following are the sources of
revenue:
1. Annual contributions from the members of the Church in its
three Provinces.
2. Anuual contributions from friends of the Moravian Missions
not connected with the Church.
3. The interest of funded legacies which have been left with the
proviso that the capital shall not be touched.
4. Other legacies.
5. Annual grants of Missionary Associations established in the
three Provinces of the Church.
The following are the principal Associations:
a. The Brethren's Society for the Furtherance of the Gospel.
London. Established in 1741. This Society supports the entire
Mission in Labrador, and owns a missionary vessel, called The
Harmony, which is annually sent out to that coast with supplies
for the Missionaries. The first vessel of this kind was the Amity,
and her first voyage was undertaken in 1771. Since that time
nine other vessels have been successively employed. The Harmony
now in use was built in 1861, and is a barque of 450 tons register.
During the whole period of one hundred and three annual voyages
no serious accident every befell the missionary ship, and only one
voyage was wholly unsuccessful, namely in 1816, when it could
not reach the coast of Labrador, on account of constant storms.
During the Revolutionary War, it was taken by a French pri¬
vateer, but subsequently liberated without loss to the Society.
b. The Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel
among the Heathen. Bethlehem, Pa. Established in 1787. This
of the moravian church.
27
Society has a large funded capital left by the late Godfrey Haga,
of Philadelphia.
c. The Mission Society of Zeist. Zeist, in Holland. Established
in 1793.
d. The London Association in Aid of the Missions of the United
Brethren. London. Established in 1817. This Society consists
almost exclusively of members of churches other than the Moravian
and contributes about $25,000 a year. It is a sort of Missionary
Evangelical Alliance, which gives its income to the Moravian
Foreign Missions.
e. The Wachovia Society of the United Brethren for Propagating
the Gospel among the Heathen. Salem, N. C. Established in
1823.
f. The Missionary Union of North Schleswig. Established in
1843.
In addition to these Associations there are a number of Ladies',
Young Men's, and Juvenile Societies.
6. Money raised by the Missions themselves. This is done in
three ways7namely, through stated contributions paid by the con¬
verts toward the support of their churches, through Missionary
Societies established among the converts themselves, and through
traffic and trades. The last agency exists only in Labrador, in
St. Thomas, at Bluefields, in Mosquitia, in Surinam and South
Africa. In Labrador, the traffic, which is carried on with
England, is entirely distinct from the work of the Mission and
intrusted to men sent out to that coast by the Missionary Board
specially for this purpose. In the other Missions where it takes
place, or where trades have been established, unordained Mission¬
aries devote themselves to such secular pursuits, and, at the same
time, act as assistants to the regular Missionaries. This agency is
under the supervision of the Mission. Board, and is carefully
guarded against abuse. It has been greatly blessed of God, and
is an important source of revenue. The latest number of the Pe¬
riodical Accovfats says in this connection: " Flour mills, general
stores, blacksmith's works, and barter-trade providing a trust¬
worthy market for native articles of produce, supply at once means
of elevating the condition of the people, and of reducing the sum
to be raised at home to cover the total cost of the missionary work."
28
missionary manual and directory
Expenditures.—The expenditures of the Missions may be
classified as follows: First, expenditures of the Missions them¬
selves, including the support or the salaries of the Missionaries,
who receive salaries only in some Missions, as also building, school,
and traveling expenses; second, pensions and education of children,
every Missionary op retiring from the field receiving a pension,
every widow of a Missionary being provided for in the same way,
and the children of Missionaries being all educated, in schools at
home, at the expense of the Church; third, expenses of the Mission
Board and its subordinates.
Financial Statement.—The annual accounts published by
the Mission Board do not show anything like the whole cost of the
work. That Board can account only for the money which passes
through, its hands, and this is barely one third of the entire
expenditure. A large part, as we have said in another connection,
is made up by the Missions themselves, and they receive, more¬
over, many grants directly from Missionary Societies at home.
The exhibit which follows forms the substance of a statement care¬
fully prepared and kindly furnished by a member of the Mission
Board. It is based upon the financial reports received for the year
1871, with the exception of that part of it which sets forth the
pensions, the educational expenses, and those of the Board. That
part is taken from the accounts of 1873, the latest which have
been published. The exhibit gives a financial survey which may
be adopted for any year. It will be seen that the Moravian Mis¬
sions are more economically managed than those, probably, of any
other Church, and, in proportion to their extent, cost less than
most others.
In reducing the amounts to our money the German Thaler. is
reckoned at 70 cents gold basis, and the German Groschen and
Pjennige are omitted.
of the moravian church.
annual expenditures.
29
Missions.
Greenland
Labrador
N, A. Indian Mission
Danish West Indies
British West Indies
Mosquitia
Surinam
South Africa, Western Province.
South Africa, Eastern Province...
Australia
West Himalaya
Totals
Other Expenditures.
Cost of Schools not otherwise ac¬
counted for
Pensions
Education of Missionary Children...
Salaries of Board, &c., Bents, &c
Traveling Expenses of Members of
Board,of Agents, Interest and Extras
Missionary Institute
Total of Expenditures.
$6,381
22,867
1,890
49,131
14,035
3,798
$98,102
03
ill
$637
9,394
344
3^714
3,607
219
$17,915
$2,800
3,776
3,576
11,608
,102 $17,915 $18,184 $91,305 $253,506
$3,850
3,720
3,231
17,659
5,821
4,956
1,215
3,422
$43,874
10,640
26,488
7,099
1,853
1,351
® m
r-H £
48 ■§
$4,487
9,394
4,064
12,412
48,016
7,711
49,131
14,035
8,754
4,822
3,641
$166,467
28,000
22,248
26,488
7,099
1,853
1,351
Explanatory Remarks.—The amount of $3,776, interest of
special funds, credited to the British West Indian Mission, includes
a grant of $2,489 from the Colonial Government for the Schools;
and the amount of $28,000 given as the cost of schools not other¬
wise accounted for—the expenditures for many of them being in¬
cluded in the entire cost of the Mission—is made up by school
dues and grants from Government.
The amount made up by the Danish West Indian Mission in¬
cludes $4,151 of contributions from the converts, $2,514 from St.
Croix, and $1,637 from St. Thomas. In the same way, the amount
made up by the British West Indian Mission includes $22,216 of
contributions from the converts, $9,114 from Jamaica, $6,421 from
Antigua, $3,726 from St. Kitts, $961 from Barbados, and $1,994
from Tobago. Hence the whole amount contributed by the con¬
verts toward the support of the Mission in the West Indies is
$26,367.
5
30
missionary manual and directory
In some of the other Missions, especially in Mosquitia and South
Africa, the converts likewise contribute, but our sources do not show
how much.
It will be seen from our statement that the whole annual cost of
the Moravian Missions is about $253,500, and that of this amount
the Mission Board must raise every year, over and above what the
Missions themselves make up and what they receive directly from
Missionary Societies and Special Funds, more than $91,000.
SECTION IX.
MISSIONARY LITERATURE.
Works for the Converts.—A large number of works, both
for edification and instruction, has been published for the use of
the converts in the various languages which they speak. Parts of
the Bible, and, in some cases, the entire Bible, have been issued in
the Arrawack Indian, in the Delaware Indian, in the Esquimaux,
in the Greenland tongue, in the Caffre language, in that of the
Mosquito Indians, in Negro English (the language of the Negroes
of Surinam), and in Thibetan.
Periodicals Published at the Missions.—There are two
missionary presses, the one in Surinam, the other in South Africa.
On the former is printed Makzien vo Kristensoema (Christian Mag¬
azine), a monthly; and on the latter De Bode (The Messenger),
and Kindervriend (The Children's Friend), both monthlies.
Missionary Periodicals Published at Home.—Periodical
Accounts relating to the Missions of the Church of the United Breth¬
ren established among the Heathen, London, quarterly, begun in
1790, one of the oldest missionary journals that exists; The Mis¬
sionary Reporter, London, monthly, a children's missionary maga¬
zine ; The Little Missionary, Bethlehem, Pa., monthly, a children's
paper; Missionsblatt aus der Brudergemeine, Herrnhut, Saxony, a
monthly; Berigten uit de Heiden- Wereld, uitgeven door het Zendings-
genootschap te Zeist, Zeist, Holland, a monthly; Briidermissions
BlaJttfur Kinder, Gnadau, Prussia, every second month.
Besides these publications the Nachrichten aus der Bruder-
Of THE MORAVIAN CHURCH.
31
Gemeine, Gnadau, Prussia, a monthly, the Journal de V UniU des
Fr&res, Montmirail, Switzerland, a monthly, The Moravian, Beth¬
lehem, Pa., a weekly, and Der Bruder Botsohafter, Bethlehem, Pa.,
a weekly, statedly give full reports from the Missions.
Works on the Moravian Missions in General.—Historical
Sketches of the Missions of the United Brethren among the Heathen,
by John Holmes, London, 1827; Das Missionswerk der Evangelischen
Brudergemeine, Gnadau, 1861 (by the late Bishop Wullschlaegel);
An Account of the Manner in which the Protestant Church of the
Unitas Fratrum preach the Gospel and carry on their Missions
among the Heathen. (Translated from the German of Bishop
Spangenberg.) London, 1788; Binder's Kartchen und Statistik
von den Missions-Gebieten der Brudergemeine, Bautzen, 1852; The
Moravian Atlas, by the Teachers of Fulneck Academy (England),
1853; Missions-Atlas der Bruder-Unitat, herausgegeben vom Mis-
sions-Departement der Unitats-Aeltesten- Conferenz. Bearbeitet von
Levin T. Reichel. Herrnhut, 1860: Jahresbericht von dem Mis-
sionwerk der Brudergemeine, published annually by the Mission
Board; Uebersicht der Missionsgeschichte der Evangelischen Bruder -
kirche in ihrem ersten Jahrhundert, 3 Parts, Gnadau, 1832-1833;
Die Jubelfeier der Heiden Missionen der Evangelischen Bruder-
Unitat, in Herrnhut, am 21 August, 1832. Gnadau, 1832; Le-
bensbilder aus der Geschichte der Bruder-mission, von Wullschlaegel,
Stuttgart, 1843.
Works Relating to the Mission in Greenland.—Die
Anfanger der Brudermission in Gronland, Rothenburg, 1842;
David Crantz's History of Greenland and of the Mission carried on
by the Unitas Fratrum, translated from the German, 2 Vols., Lon¬
don, 1767, a later and improved edition in 1820; The Mora¬
vians in Greenland, Edinburgh, 1839; Greenland Missions, with
Biographical Sketches of some of the Principal Converts, Dublin,
1831; Mission der Evangelischen Bruder in Gronland, by Kolbing,
Gnadau, 1831; Matthaeus Stach u. J. Beck, Miss, der Brudergemeine
in Gronland, von R. Vormbaum, Bielefeld, 1853; G. E. Burkhardt's
die Eskimos in Gronland und. Labrador, Bielefeld, 1858; The Story
of Moravian Missions in Greenland and Labrador, London, 1873.
Works Relating to the Mission in Labrador.—Mission
der Evangelischen Bruder in Labrador, by Kolbing, Gnadau, 1831;
32
missionary manual and directory
Missions in Labrador, Dublin, 1831; The Moravians in Labrador,
Edinburgh, 1833; A Visit to Labrador in the Autumn of 1848,
London; History of the Mission of the Church of the United Brethren
in Labrador, for the past Hundred Years, London, 1871.
Works Relating to the Mission among the North Amer¬
ican Indians.—History of the Mission of the United Brethren
among the Indians of North America, by George Henry LosJciel,
translated from the German by Christian Ignatius La Trobe, Lon¬
don, 1794; The History of the Moravian Mission among the Indians
in North America, by a member of the Brethren's Church, London,
1838; A Narrative of the Mission of the United Brethren among the
Delaware and Mohegan Indians, by John Heckewelder, Philadel¬
phia, 1820; The Life and Times of David Zeisberger, the Western
Pioneer and Apostle of the Indians, by Edmund de Schweinitz, Phil¬
adelphia, 1870; David Zeisberger, Miss, der Brudergemeine unter
den Indianern, von B. Vormbaum, Bielefeld, 1853; G. E. Burlc-
hardt's Die Indianer in Nord and SudameriJca, Bielefeld, 1858;
Life of John Heckwelder, by Edward Rondthaler, Philadelphia,
1847.
Works Relating to the Mission in the West Indies.—
Leonhard Dober u. Friederich Martin, in Jcurzen Umrissen dar-
gestellt, Rothenburg, 1841 and 1842; Oldendorp's Geschichte der
Mission der Evangelischen Briider auf den Caraibischen Inseln S.
Thomas, S. Croix u. S. Jan, Bar by, 1777; Geschichte der Mission
in den Ddnisch-westindischen Inseln und in Gronland, Barby,
1803; The Moravians in Jamaica, by J. H. Buchner, London,
1854; Retrospect of the History of the Mission of the Brethren?s
Church in Jamaica, for the past Hundred Years, London, 1854;
Retrospect of the History of the Mission of the Brethren's Church in
Antigua, for the past Hundred Years, London, 1856; Friedrich
Martin, Miss, der Brudergemeine in West Indien, von R. Vormbaum,
Bielefeld, 1853; G. E. BurJchardt's Die Neger in Westindien und
SudameriJca, Bielefeld, 1858.
Works Relating to the Mission in South America.—
Nachricht von Surinam und seinen Einwohnern, von Quandt, Gorlitz,
1807 ; Die Mission unter den freien Buschnegern in Surinam, von
Karl Friederich Ledderhose, Heidelberg, 1854; Geschichte der Mis¬
sion in SudameriJca, Barby, 1805; Theophil. Sal. Schumann, Mis-
of the moravian church.
33
sionar der Brudergemeine unter den Indianern Sudamerikas, von
R. Vormbaum, Bielfeld, 1858.
Works Relating to the Mission in South Africa.—Jour¬
nal of a Visit to South Africa in 1815 and 1816, by Christian Ig¬
natius La Trobe, London, 1818, with colored plates; the same
work, without the plates, New York, 1818; Das Buchlein von den
Hottentotten und ihrem ersten Apostel, Georg Schmidt, von K. F.
Ledderhose, Basel, 1849; Rev. Henry Mutton's Visit to Genadendal,
S. Africa, London, 1845; Narrative of a Visit made in 1849 to
Fnon, in S. Africa, by Hallbeck, London, 1820; The Leper Hos¬
pital in South Africa, Bristol; Georg Schmidt, Miss, der Bruder¬
gemeine unter den Hottentotten, S. A. und seine nachsten Nach-
folger, von R. Vormbaum, Bielefeld, 1858; Geschichte der Ausbrei-
tung des Christenthums unter den Heidenvblkern Siid Afrika's, Berlin,
1831.
SECTION X.
MISSIONARY INSTITUTIONS.
In connection with the Foreign Missions there are several insti¬
tutions which require a brief notice.
The Missionary Institute.—This is a school in which young
men are specially trained for missionary service. It is established
at Nisky, in Prussia, and its Director is the Rev. A. C. Lewis de
Dewitz.
The Missionary Schools.—The children of Missionaries are
educated, according to the nationality of their parents, either in
Germany, England or America. By far the larger part of them
are sent to Germany for this purpose. Hence there are two
Boarding Schools, specially for the children of Moravian Mission¬
aries, established at Kleinwelke, in Saxony, the one for boys under
the direction of the Rev. T. Christian van Calker, the one for girls
under that of the Rev. Charles de Biilow.
The Missionary Home.—At the same place, there exists a
Missionary Home, built, some years ago, by the joint contributions
34
missionary" manual and directory
of the three Provinces of the Unitas Fratrum, for Missionaries
who visit Europe on leave of absence. It is a large and well ap¬
pointed mansion, where they find comfortable lodgings, and can
enjoy the society of their children who attend the schools.
The Ephrata House.—A similar Home exists at Nazareth,
Pa., and forms a historic building. It was begun, in 1740, by
Whitefield as a school for negro children; sold to the Moravians,
long before it was completed, and finished and used by them for
various ecclesiastical purposes; and came finally into the possession
of the Moravian Church at Nazareth. From this Church it was
recently bought by a friend of the Missions, thoroughly repaired,
and presented to the American Province as its Home for visiting
Missionaries.
SECTION XI.
alphabetical list of the missionaries, of the
members of the mission board, of its
agents and other officers.
Names. Post Office Address.
Adam, Fred. Wm Waterloo, Surinam, South America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Arnstadt, Ch. Lev. C Friedrichsthal, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Badham, Thos. L., A^en^Ockbrook, near Derby, England.
Badham, Walter L Fairfield, May Hill P. O., Jamaica, W. I.
Ballein, Rud. Jno Genadendal, Cape Colony, South Africa, via Southampton.
Bartels, Julius Friedensberg, St. Croix, Danish W. I.
Bartsch, John Paramaribo, Surinam, South America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Batt, William Gracefield, Antigua, British W. I.
Bau, And. G Rust-en-Werk, Surinam, S. America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Bauer, Wm. T Genadendal, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Baur, Richard Baziya, care of Rev. Waters, St. Marks,Caffraria, S. Africa, via Queenstown.
Baudert, Samuel Goshen, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Bechler, Ferdinand Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Beyer, Peter Greenbay, Antigua, British W. I.
Bindschedler, Jno. H Lichtenau, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Bindschedler, Hebron, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Blair, Peter. Kukulaya, Mosquitia, care of Consul Fromman, Greytown, Nicaraugua, via
Southampton.
Bourquin, Jno. H. T Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Bramberg, Matt. C Herrendyk, Surinam, South America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Braukmann, Chas. A Beersheba, " " "
Brauer, H. Adolphus Engotini, care of Van Roenn, Schabbel & Co., Port Elizabeth, S, Africa.
OP THE MORAVIAN CHURCH.
35
Karnes. Post Office Address.
Buckley, John Greenbay, Antigua, British W. I.
Buelow, Charles de Kleinwelke, near Bautzen, Saxony.
Campbell, Richard New Eden, Lilliput P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Cramer, Haighton & Co., Business Agents for Surinam and S. A frica, Amsterdam, Holland.
Croeger, Ernst W Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Dahl, Chs. T Paramaribo, Surinam, S. America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Daiber, Dav. F Friedensfeld, St. Croix, Danish W. I.
Dam, Peter P Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Dannenberg, Otto, Superintendent of Missionary Boarding House, Finnsbury Square, London, E. C-
Deutschberg, Henry A., Secretary of U A. C., Herrnhut, Saxony.
Dewitz, Augustus C. L. de, Director of Miss. Institute, Nisky, Prussia.
Drexler, Jno Leliendal, Surinam, S, America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Edghill, Jas. Y Sharon, Barbados, British W. I.
Eisner, Aug. Ferd In Europe, on leave of dbscence.
Fischer, Ernst A P. O. Clarkson, Kromme River, S. Africa, via Southampton, and Capetown^
Fleury, Alex. P St. Thomas, St. Thomas, Danish W. I.
Franze, Paul E New Fulneck, Lacovia P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Fuerstenberg, Wm. Hen...Estridge, St. Kitts, British W. I.
Gaissert, Geo. Thos Salem, Surinam S. America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Gale, Richard Broadleaf, Shooter's Hill P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Gericke, Chs. F. A Friedensthal, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Gerschwitz, Fred Clifton Hill, Barbados, British W. I.
Gerhard, Fred. Wm In Europe, on leave, of absence.
Grasse, Henry G P. O. Enon, Port Elizabeth, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Grice, Sumner & Co., Business Agents, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Groche, Eugene T Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Grunewald, Edward Magdala, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Grey town,
N icaragua.
Guenther, Augustus Hebron, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Hahn, Augustus Ramahyuk, Sale, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.
Hagenauer, Fred. Aug " " "
Haller, Jno Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Haefner, Chs " " "
Haugk, Paul " " "
Haugk, Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Hanna, Geo. H New Carmel, New Market P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Hartmann, J.Adolph.Hen.Bothwell P. O., Ontario, Canada West.
Hartmann, Jno. H Intwanazana, Nomansland, care of J. Orpen, Esq., Umtata P. O., Kaffirland.
Harvey, Jas. L St. Johns, Antigua, British W. I.
Hasting, Herman L Shiloh, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Hasting, Jno. L Montgomery, Tobago, British W. I.
Hasewinkel, Jno.H Charlottenburg, Surinam, S. America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Hauber, Hen Wm Litiz, May Hill P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Heide, Hen. Bern Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Heide, Aug. Wm Kyelang, Lahoul, Kangra District, Punjab, North India, via Southampton
and Bombay.
Hellstroem, Chs A In Europe, on leave of absence.
Heller, Constantine Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Herr, Fred Ferd Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Herzog, Fred. Aug Bluefield, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Greytown,
Nicaraugua.
Hettasch, And. G P. O. Clarkson, Kromme River, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Hickel, Philip E Elim, Cape Colony, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Hilbig, Jno. C. A Igdlorpait, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Hillberg, Martin Wm Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Hirt, Chs. Aug Okak, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Hlawatschek, —— Hebron, " " " "
3
MISSIONARY MANUAL AND DIRECTORY
Namts. Post Office Address.
Ilgner, F. Jacob Theo New Bethlehem, Malvern P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Illg, Chs. Wm Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Jacobs, Godfrey, H " " "
Jansa, Jno. G Annaszorg, " "
Jensen, H. Peter In Europe, on leave of absence.
John, James Bethel, St. Kitts, British W. I.
Jonas, Chs P.O. Enon, Port Elizabeth, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Juergensen, Jens P Ramah, Mosquitia, via Southampton, England, care of Consul Fromman,
Greytown, Nicaragua.
Kahle, Chs. F Hoffenthal, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London E. C.
Kaestner, Okak, " " " "
Kegel, Charles F Genadendal, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Kindt & Augener, Business Agents for W. Himalaya, Hamburg, Germany.
Kleiner, Frederick New Herrnhut, St. Thomas, Danish W. I.
Klesel, Charles L. A Bethesda, St. Kitts, British W. I.
Koch, Frederick & Son, Business Agents, Devonthorstrasse No. 17, Bremen.
Koegel, Henry A Lichtenau, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Strumgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Kramer, Charles Wm Ramahyuk, Sale, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, via Southampton.
Kretschner, Charles G Hebron, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Krueger, C. H., Agent, Grosse Freiheit, No. 23, Altona, Germany.
Kuehn, John F. W Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Kunik, Fred. Wm Mamre, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Kunick, Hen. Aug. Elim, " " "
Laugenfeld, Eugene Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Larsen, Peter Beaufort, New Market P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Lehman, Chs. E Berg en dal, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Leminerz, Chs. A Mamre, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Lichtenthaler, Abraham...Basseterre, St. Kitts, British W. I.
Lichtenthaler, Samuel " " "
Lind, Alfred New Hope, New Market P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Linder, C Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely-Place, London, E. C.
Lundberg, Jno. Eugene... Bluefields, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Grey-
town, Nicaragua.
MacDowall, Jno. Jas Bethesda, Tobago, British W. I.
Mack, Edward J Springplace, Maysville P. O., Arkansas.
Malone, Peter Bethany St. John, Danish W. I.
Martin, G. F Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Martin, Christ. Aug Bethany, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Greytown,
Nicaragua.
Marx, H. Benno Wittewater, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Mazwi, Samuel Goshen, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Meili, Jno. H Nain, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London E. C.
Meissel, Gottlob Catharina Sophia, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Menze, Jno. G Clevia, " " "
Merian, Herman, Treasurer, Herrnhut, Saxony.
Meyer, Philip H. L Emtumasi, Nomansland. Care of J. Orpen, Esq., Umtata P. O., Kaffirland.
Moderau, Jno. T In Europe, on leave of absence.
Moore, Henry Mt. Tabor, Barbados, British W. I.
Morrish, Alex. C Emmaus, St. John, Danish W. 1.
Niebert, Fred. Thos Newfield, Antigua, British W. I.
Nakin, John Shiloh, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Oppelt, Nicholas Wittewater, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Padel, Herman O Shiloh, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Pagell, Jno. L. E Poo, Upper Koonawur, care of P. O. Kotgurh, near Simla, via Southampton
and Bombay.
Peper, Henry Paramaribo, Surinam, S. America, via St. Thomas, W. I.
Pinnok, Jno. F ..Magdala, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Grey¬
town, Nicaragua.
OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH.
Names. Post Office Address.
Pulkrabek, Jno. P Bethany, Mile Gully, Jamaica, British W. I.
Raatz, Chs. W Charlottenburg, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Reichel, Eugene, Agent, Peseux near Neuchatel, Switzerland.
Reichel, Ernst F Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Reichel Levin T " "
Reichel, Theophilus " "
Reichel, Gustavus T " "
Reichel, Henry L. " "
Redslob, Fred. A Kyelang, Lahoul, Kangra District, Punjab, North India, via Southampton
and Bombay.
Renkewitz, Ernst A Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Renkewitz, Ferd. E In Europe, on leave of absence.
Reinke, Edwin G Fairfield, May Hill P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Richter, Edw. Jul In Europe, on leave of absence.
Richter, Alwin Shiloh, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Riegel, Adolphus Lichtenfels, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. it, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Riess, Frederick T., Secretary of IT. A. C., Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Ricksecker, Levi Greenwood P. O., Franklin Co., Kansas.
Rights, Theodore M Park Hill, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory.
Rinderknecht, Fred Hoffenthal, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Ritter, Ernst H " " " "
Roberts, Ellen Miss St. Johns, Antigua, British W. I.
Romig, Benjamin. Friedensthal, St. Croix, Danish W. I.
Roser Ernst, Agent, Markt Strasse No, 8, Stuttgart, Wurtemberg.
Schweinitz, Emil A. de Salem, Forsyth Co., N. C.
Schweinitz, Robert de Bethlehem, Northampton Co., Pa.
Schneider, Em. G New Herrnhut, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Schmiedecke Ferd. W Umanak, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, Sturmgasse No. 21, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Schmidt Adolphus E Elim, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Schick, Charles In Europe, on leave of absence.
Schneider, Jno. G Zoar, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Schoett, Caspar Okak, " " "
Schoebel, Fred. Wm ...Mamre, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Schrader, Wm. E Charlottenburg, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Schroeder, Schmidt & Co., Business Agents, Calcutta, India.
Schulze, Gustavus R Okak, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Seiler, Jno. J Newport, Jamaica, British W. I.
Shawe, Henry E 7 Ely Place, Holborn, London, E. C.
Sieboerger, Wm Ephrata, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Grey town,
Nicaragua.
Slotta Okak, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Smith, Fred Ephrata, Mosquitia, via Southampton, care of Consul Fromman, Greytown,
Nicaragua.
Spindler, Chs. J New Hernnhut, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, No. 21 Sturmgasse,
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Spieseke, Fred. Wm Ebenezer,Wimmera District, Horsham,Victoria, Australia,via Southampton.
Starik, Martin Lichtenfels, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, No. 21 Sturmgasse, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Staude, Chs. A Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Stephan, Jno. Geo Goshen, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Stolze, Fred. Wm Genadendal, Cape Colony, South Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Summersill, James Friedensthal, St. Croix, Danish W. I.
Tietzen, Gustavus T Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Tietze, Chs. Herman Genadendal, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Thomas, John Irwinhill, Montego Bay P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Thomas, Wm. M.;..........St. Johns, Antigua, British W. I.
6
38
missionary manual and directory
Names. Post Office Address.
Turner, James Cedarhall, Antigua, British W. I.
Uellner, Jno. W Lichtenfels, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, No. 21 Sturmgasse, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Van Calker, T. Christian,Kleinwelke, near Bautzen, Saxony.
Van Roenn,Schabbel & Co., Business Agents, Port Elizabeth, S. Africa.
Verbeek, Jno. Wm Berthelsdorf, near Herrnhut, Saxony.
Voelkel, Francis Nisky, St. Thomas, Danish W. I.
Vos, C. J. M., Agent, No 46 Buitengracht, Capetown, S. Africa.
Wagner, Chs. A Genadendal, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Walsch, Robt Moriah, Tobago, British W. I.
Walder, Henry Mizpah, Shooter's Hill P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Ward, James Springfield, Black River P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Warner, Samuel St. Thomas, St. Thomas, Danish W. I.
Warmow, Matthew Lichtenau, Greenland, care of H. H. Wolter, No. 21, Sturmgasse, Copen¬
hagen, Denmark.
Weiz, Ernst T Shiloh, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Weiz, Samuel Ramah, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Weiler, Fred. Thos Hoffenthal, " " " "
Weigel, Chs. Aug Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Weiss, Hen. M Lebanon, Antigua, British W. I.
Wenzel, Julius Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Wertheman, Francis E., Secretary U. E. C., Herrnhut, Saxony.
Westerby, Geo. Wall Lathefield, Antigua, British W. I.
Wied, Herman Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Wilhelm, Edward " "
Winkler, Theophilus New Nazareth, Mandeville P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Wirth, Fred. Aug Hebron, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Wolter, Joseph Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Wolter, H. H., Agent, Sturmgasse No 21, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Wunderlich, Mrs Paramaribo, Surinam, S. A., via St. Thomas, W. I.
Wurreschke, Lewis B Fairfield, May Hill P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Zachert, Henry Genadendal, Cape Colony, S. Africa, via Southampton and Capetown.
Zimmermann, Traugott...P. O. Enon, Port Elizabeth, S. Africa, via Southampton.
Zippel, Edwin Gracehill, Antigua, British W. I.
Zorn, J. Theophilus Bethabara, Newport P. O., Jamaica, British W. I.
Zucher, Zoar, Labrador, care of Rev. H. Shawe, 7 Ely Place, London, E. C.
Zwelibanzi, Jno P. O. Clarkson, Kromme River, South Africa, via Southampton.
Remarks.—Labrador.—All letters for Labrador must be in
the hands of the Rev. H. Shawe before the 1st of June.
Packages and boxes are to be sent, before the 1st of June, to
Messrs. J. & E. Carter, 65 Basinghall Street, London, E. C.
Australia.—Packages and boxes are to be sent via Southampton
to the care of Messrs. Grice, Sumner & Co., Melborne, Victoria,
Australia.
South Africa.—Packages and boxes are to be sent via South¬
ampton, either to C. J. M. Vos, iVo. 46 Buetengracht, Capetown, or
Messrs. Van Roenn, Schabbel & Go, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
OF THE MORAVIAN CHURCH.
39
West Indies.—Letters to the West Indies must be sent by-
steamer from New York, leaving the 20th of each month. To
some of the Islands they may occasionally be sent by sailing vessels.
Mosquitia.— Letters to Mosquitia may occasionally be sent by
sailing vessels, directly from New York, care of G. Wessels, No.
74 Front St., New York.
Surinam,. —Letters to Surinam may be sent also by way of Hol¬
land, care of Messrs. Cramer, Haighton & Co., Amsterdam.
In addressing letters to the Missionaries add to the name of the
station the words "Moravian Mission."
Donations to the Foreign Missions of the Moravian Church are
received by the Rev. Robert de Schweinitz, Bethlehem, Northampton
Co., Pa., and by the Rt. Rev. E. A. de Schweinitz, Salem, Forsyth
Co., N. C.
Form of Bequest.—"I give and bequeath unto 'The Board of
Elders of the Northern Diocese of the Church of the United Breth¬
ren in the United States of America,' the sum of dollars,
for the cause of Foreign Missions in said Church."